Saturday, November 3, 2012

Weighing The Odds in Hold'Em Poker by King Yao. A review.



Day trader turned card shark King Yao's Weighing The Odds in Hold'Em is a personal tour de force on Limit Hold'Em that is heavy on numbers and explanation, though much of the advice is open ended.

Weighing the Odds is an odds and stats book, more than a how-to book on playing effective limit hold'em.  It assumes a rudimentary knowledge of the game at least, and is aimed either at novice players looking to form a winning style, or for experienced players looking to build a stronger foundation to their game.

Yao's initial chapters on reading opponents and bluffing show this book's strategies may not work as well in looser low-limit games, where players are oblivious to other players' strategic moves (like bluffs), and many more players will call to see the flop and later streets with poorer draws or made hands regardless of who is betting and when.

Yao later admits his strategic advice works best at a table with two good players, three 'decent' players and three bad players, which is a tougher game than the typical low limit hold'em game at a cardroom.  The relatively high rake at the lower limits would ensure no one in Yao's ideal game was a winner in the long run.  Yao's strategy is certainly best suited for middle and higher limits, where players are generally smarter and the rake has far less impact.  It can also work in online games, as online poker sites take a lower percentage of rake and players in relatively low levels play with greater skill.

That said, Yao's book features lengthy discussion on counting outs and brings two valuable concepts to the table.

1) The DIPO Method: Yao's acronym stands for, "Do I have Pot Odds?"  Yao composes a simple method for determining whether a call is correct when drawing to a particular number of outs.  Using a "Good Number" and a "Bad Number," a player that knows his/her number of outs can more quickly determine whether a call on a particular street is correct.

2) A detailed starting hand selection.  About halfway through the book, Yao presents a table about five pages long with detailed instructions on playable starting hands in each position.

For every position (early, middle, late) Yao provides instructions for each hand (or a group) on how to play the hand whe 1st in, against limpers, against a raise, and against a raise with callers.  He follows this with an explanation on how to play the blinds, common mistakes to avoid in each position, and what you should try to do when you play each particular group of hands.

You will not find a more complete starting hand guide to Limit Hold'Em out there, not even in Small Stakes Hold'Em.


True to the title, Weighing The Odds centers around the mathematically correct plays to make, the plays that will net the most expected value.  The book is math intensive and fairly dense to read through, like a Two Plus Two book, but with less theory and more statistical math.

A beginner may want to seek out simpler materials before moving up to this book, but anyone looking to improve their game, move up to more advanced games, and make more statistically correct plays will gain from reading this text.

Monday, October 29, 2012

Why You Lose At Poker by Russell Fox and Scott Harker, a review



Players don't seek out negativity when looking for good poker books, thus a book entitled Why You Lose At Poker may not draw beginning poker readers that, say, Winning Low Limit Hold'Em will.

But Russell Fox and Scott Harker's book falls into that Mark Blade school of blunt honesty that many players struggling with their game really need to read and drill into their heads if they want to improve.  Facing facts, most poker players are losing players, and most lose because they fall into common bad habits, all of which Fox and Harker address at length over 200+ pleasantly written and readable pages in an attempt to bluntly tell readers, "Look, these are the reasons you can't seem to get ahead."

Sixteen chapters each focus on a common leak in both limit and no limit poker.  They hammer:

  • bad bluffs in Limit Hold'Em
  • bad bets in No Limit Hold’Em
  • mechanical errors like mucking winning hands due to a misread. 
Then Fox and Harker move on to Hi/Lo Omaha and Stud in criticizing players who play for half the pot.  They typically elaborate with written accounts of fictional characters playing a hand at the game in question, followed by an explanation of the error acted out.
Fox and Harker also cover typical subjects like:

  • playing without a solid bankroll
  • playing scared
  • not being well-read and informed on correct play
  • not selecting the right game
  • playing when you don't feel well.

It's counterintuitive for a player aspiring to win to pick up a book called Why You Lose At Poker, but the title shouldn't necessarily scare you away.A lot of the advice is common rhetoric in most poker materials... just not put in as bluntly a prevailing tone as Fox and Harker use in their aptly titled book.

Thursday, October 18, 2012

Full Tilt Tournament Strategy Guide, a review



Full Tilt Poker's Tournament Strategy Guide reeks of a gimmicked attempt by the popular online poker site to capitalize on the poker book boom.  But Michael Craig's compilation of poker essays from the site's top pros carries a lot of useful, in some cases groundbreaking material.  Albeit, some of the material also leaves a lot to be desired, remaining too general in scope and adding little more than general ideas and basic tips.

Full Tilt founder Chris Ferguson writes several of the books chapters, and while he throws out a variety of useful ideas, figuring out how to situationally apply his advice is left entirely up to the reader.

In fact, this is a universal theme of the book, just like many other poker books.  A lot of principles and ideas are not too fleshed out, and calling the book a Strategy Guide may be abit misleading, as few of the chapters do much to guide the reader.  It's a lot like telling a lost tourist, "Well, you'll want to follow the signs, and pay attention to landmarks."

As the chapters were written by different perspectives, many of the chapters disagree with material and ideas in previous chapters, and some are written better than others.

  • Howard Lederer's chapter on leverage brings forth a neat concept but Lederer never elaborates on concrete principle application of the subject.
  • Gavin Smith's ideas on big stack play are so basic that they should be common sense.
  • Mike Matusow has a couple of neat ideas in his Omaha Hi-Lo chapter, but the chapter has little more use than a random magazine article.
  • Richard Brodie's ideas on sit & go play are covered in far greater depth by other materials (like Colin Moshman's Sit N' Go Strategy).
  • The gimmicky textual conversation on Razz between Huck Seed and Ted Forrest doesn't give the reader much of use.
  • And Ted Forrest doesn't seem sure himself of what exactly he's discussing in his chapter "(Don't) Pay Like Ted Forrest."

But as weak as some chapters, some of the material has very strong, concrete strategic advice.

Andy Bloch strikes the motherload in his chapter "Play Before The Flop," which goes into great detail on hand selection in No Limit Hold'Em tournaments.  Bloch provides multiple charts that focus on win percentages against particular ranges of hands, plus a chart that provides a framework for the reader to create his own selection of starting hands.  Bloch does provide a sample chart of starting hands, but it's almost an afterthought once he provides the methodology for the reader to create their own.  This chapter alone might be worth the purchase of the book for an aspiring No Limit Hold'Em tournament player, even granted the filler that precedes it.

Other chapters prove useful as well.

  • Chris Ferguson puts better work into his No Limit Hold'Em chapter "Play After The Flop" as his examples infer more concrete ideas the reader can cross-apply.
  • Phil Gordon's chapter on "Short Stack Play" has some useful, unique ideas.
  • Howard Lederer provides great detail on situational strategy in his Limit Hold'Em chapter, though he provides a tight, limited hand selection chart without Bloch's advice on how the reader may frame his own.
  • Keith Sexton gives useful, applicable advice on Stud Hi-Lo.

The Full Tilt Tournament Strategy Guide has some useful concepts, but you have to sift through a lot of jumbled, sometimes hollow material to get to the good stuff.  Certain sections may hold enough value to warrant the purchase themselves, but purchasing this book is akin to purchasing an album with a few good songs surrounded by filler tracks.  If the songs are that good, the album's worth getting, but you may pass if you're in it for the collective product.

Bloch's chapter is groundbreaking, and experienced players looking for random ideas to cross-apply to their tournament game may find the book worth their while.  However, if you're looking to play tournament Stud, Omaha, or H.O.R.S.E., you may still be better served learning the hard way: through trial and error at minimal expense.

The cost of this book may not significantly improve your overall game, as once you've read it... true to the context of the book, you're still completely on your own.

Saturday, September 15, 2012

Basics of HORSE poker

HORSE itself isn't so much a game as a rotating selection of games. Play rotates periodically between five different poker variants, all played with fixed limit betting. The games can rotate every hand, every orbit around the poker table, or after a prescribed period of time. The small bet and big bet limits are often listed with the game at a cardroom. HORSE $3/$6, for example, indicates the small bet is $3 and the big bet is $6. This number doesn't vary from game to game, though the rules regarding betting rounds can vary from game to game.

HORSE consists of the following five games:

H: Texas Hold'Em

The most popular game in poker today. Texas Hold'Em is played with each player receiving two cards face down before an opening betting round at the small-bet limit. Once betting completes, the dealer burns (discards) a card and lays down three community cards, known as the flop, followed by another round of betting.

Following this round, the bet limit increases to the big bet size, and a 4th community card is dealt, known as the turn. A betting round proceeds as before, before a 5th and final community card, known as the river, is dealt, and one final betting round takes place before players turn over their cards, and the best five card poker hand receives the pot.

O: Omaha Hi/Lo (Eight or better)

Gameplay in Omaha Hi/Lo (also known as Omaha 8) proceeds just like Hold'Em except for two major differences:

1. Players receive four cards instead of two. Whereas with Hold'Em, players can use one, both or none of their cards to make a hand... in Omaha, you MUST use two of your four cards, and you MUST use three of the community cards. No exceptions. For example, if the board has a 7, 8, 9 and 10... in Omaha you do not have a straight if you have a Jack... but you do if you have a 7 and a Jack, or a Jack and a Queen. And if the board has a 7 and 8, you do NOT have a straight if you hold a 9, 10 and Jack.

You can only use two of your own cards to make your hand. Not three, Not one. Only two.

2. Hi/Lo games split the pot in half. Half the pot contests for the best high poker hand as always. However, the other half contests for the Low: five unpaired cards that are all 8 or lower (Ace counts as 1). The best five card low possible is 5,4,3,2,Ace. The worst possible is 8,7,6,5,4.
It is possible for no low hand to be possible, if the board does not have at least 3 unpaired cards 8 or lower. In this case, the high hand wins the entire pot.

R: Razz

Razz is like Seven Card Stud, except that you're trying to make the best low hand possible: five unpaired cards whose high card is the lowest. Straights and flushes don't count against you, but pairs do. 5,4,3,2,Ace is the best low. Unlike the low rules in Omaha and Stud Hi/Lo, you do not need all your cards to be 8 or lower. Jack-9-6-4-3, for example, can win a Razz pot (it's not common, though: a typical winning low's high card is usually 8 or lower).

Lows are measured by the highest card in the lowest five card hand possible. Forexample, if you have Ace,2,3,4,9... you are beaten by 8,7,6,5,4 because the 8-high is lower than you 9-high.

S: Seven Card Stud

Each player in 7 Card Stud receives two cards face down and a 3rd card face up before betting begins at the small limit (this round is referred to as 3rd street, the number referencing the number of cards everyone has). The conclusion of that round brings a 4th card and another round of betting after that. If a pair is on the board after 4th Street, players may bet at the big limit if they wish.

However, after this round all betting is at the big limit, and a 5th card is dealt before another betting round. Play continues until the 7th and final card is dealt face down, and when the final round of betting is completed, players turn their cards over and the best five card hand wins.

E: Seven Card Stud Hi/Lo (Eight or Better)

Play in 7 Card Stud Hi/Lo proceeds exactly like regular 7 Card Stud except, as with Omaha Hi/Lo, the pot is split, and the best low-hand with all cards eight or lower wins half the pot. As with Omaha, if there is no low hand, the high hand takes the entire pot.


HORSE is a very involved game, and it takes some degree of competence in all five games listed. Your best bet, unless you wish to play for fun, just to sample the different games, is to practice and get better at each game individually before you attempt to play HORSE competitively. Each game in itself is very complex and winning strategies at each take considerable time and practice to develop.

This can be a challenge if you don't play poker online, as games like Razz, Stud and Stud Hi/Lo at affordable stakes can be difficult to find even if several cardrooms exist in your area. A good idea is to download online poker software and practice for free at freerolls and the play money tables... or to play at home with friends.

As a result, if your local cardroom does spread HORSE at low stakes, it may be worth your while just to bite the bullet and play. Be observant, play carefully, and try to learn all you can about every game spread when you play.

Best of luck.

Saturday, September 8, 2012

Becoming a casino dealer in Las Vegas

Want to deal blackjack or poker in Las Vegas? Hope you have some money, time and a quick ability to learn new tasks. And before we begin, you need a clean criminal record, since casinos are wary of who they trust. No casino will hire anyone with a criminal record.

First, to deal table games in a Vegas casino, you must attend a casino games school. Casinos nowadays are big money entertainment businesses that pride themselves on top-notch presentation. The best only hire experienced, capable personnel. Casinos these days will not hire a dealer unless that dealer has experience dealing the game in question.

A typical dealer school charges several hundred dollars for a class on any table game (typically around $300). For every game you wish to deal, whether blackjack, poker or baccarat, you have to pay for, take and pass a class for that game. Most dealers study blackjack, as that is the easiest path to breaking into the business. Every casino deals blackjack, so the demand for those dealers is greater.

However, note that if you want to deal poker, this requires a completely separate line of training. Poker dealers only deal poker, so don't take a blackjack class hoping to someday deal Texas Hold'Em at the Venetian. If you want to deal Texas Hold'Em, go to school to become a poker dealer, and only a poker dealer.

Likewise, don't go to poker school hoping to transition into dealing roulette at Caesar's Palace. Go to school for blackjack, work your way into dealing table games and train for roulette once you're in.

Playing these games may be easy, but learning to deal them is difficult. A dealer must have a sharp attention to detail, must maintain an accurate memory of all the game's rules, including its most obscure. A dealer is also a table game's direct manager, keeping the game running quickly and smoothly while helping create a pleasant, enjoyable atmosphere for the players, as well as answering player questions and handling disputes correctly, in as brisk and courteous a manner as possible. Not everyone has the patience, memory and discipline to run a game smoothly. Skills you lack need to get developed before you apply for your first job, or you won't have a prayer of making it.

Typically, once a student completes their education, the best bet is to break in by getting hired to work for a small casino. Many of these casinos are the only place a brand new dealer can work, since only a handful of these casinos openly accept new dealers. A dealer in Nevada also must get a gaming card, which the casino will help a new dealer procure once hired, though the process costs about $100 and the card must be renewed every five years.

Breaking in with a small casino can be rough. Dealers make their money from tips: they typically earn minimum wage as base pay. These small, relatively unpopular casinos get less business than the major casinos. A new dealer, as the bottom end of the totem pole, will also get the least desirable shifts and tables. They will see fewer tips, smaller tips at that, and may get sent home more, because such a casino will see more slower business days.

Poker dealers have it even rougher: while the tips are better per hour, there are fewer opportunities since, while a casino may have a lot of blackjack tables, they may have a poker room with only 3-4 poker tables, and in many cases they only have enough players to actively use one of them. A casino may only need a handful of poker dealers, with few to no openings for new dealers in most cases. And when there are tryouts for openings, competition is tough, as experienced dealers on the market also compete for those roles.

Like any career, a newcomer must pay his/her dues on the bottom rungs to earn enough respect to move up. The key as a new dealer is to maintain a positive attitude, put in good work every day and show your bosses that you deserve a better break.

As a dealer gains experience, they can apply for and move up to bigger casinos, where the pay, business and tips are better. These bigger casinos, however, look for years of experience from applicants. So you may need to toil for years before you get a break. The big houses also want versatile dealers who can deal several games. This gives the bosses scheduling flexibility and better helps them meet player demand.

You need to continue your training as you gain experience. In the case of table game and blackjack dealers, the selection is wide. Some card games like Three Card Poker and Let It Ride generally don't require another class: once on the job, a supervisor or another dealer typically can teach you these games in minutes. But for more complex games, you will need to return to school. It behooves a new dealer to return to school and learn other high-demand games like craps and roulette. The more games you can competently and comfortably deal, the more likely a bigger casino will hire you and the more shifts they will give you, meaning more money and tip opportunities for you.

For poker dealers, there may be no need to learn anything other than Texas Hold'Em, since that is the only game that most casinos deal. But the biggest houses do offer other games for their players, so you would definitely want to return to school to learn games like Omaha, Seven Card Stud and maybe even draw games like Badugi and 2-7 Triple Draw (especially if you have ambitions of working at the Bellagio). Some casinos offer these alternate games as a selling point, and will expect any dealer they hire to know them. Add these games to your repertoire, and you will add value to your services as a worker.

Dealing may sound like an appealing career in Las Vegas, but it only looks glamorous: it's as tough a road as any career. It requires an education, requires years of paying your dues, requires continuing education and skill development and a lot of hard work.

Sunday, March 22, 2009

Suited Aces EV, posted en masse

Under the Gun EV
for Suited Aces
(100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
A9s-0.110.15
A8s-0.47-0.31
A7s-0.56-0.53
A6s-0.87-0.87
A5s-1.04-0.80
A4s-1.08-0.89
A3s-1.22-1.09
A2s-1.24-1.18


Early Position EV for Suited Aces (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s0.150.530.470.91-2.09-4.10
A8s-0.130.050.130.52-2.28-4.36
A7s-0.46-0.26-0.030.11-2.44-4.29
A6s-0.74-0.66-0.21-0.13-2.46-4.43
A5s-0.69-0.48-0.24-0.12-2.28-4.09
A4s-0.93-0.58-0.46-0.33-2.42-4.15
A3s-0.93-0.77-0.48-0.43-2.47-4.12
A2s-1.19-0.81-0.76-0.49-2.57-4.14


Middle Position EV for Suited Aces (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s0.200.520.771.18-1.56-2.22
A8s-0.140.130.330.62-1.83-2.47
A7s-0.58-0.260.020.22-1.96-2.86
A6s-0.69-0.55-0.130.05-2.03-2.97
A5s-0.87-0.33-0.110.11-1.94-2.47
A4s-0.96-0.66-0.31-0.09-2.03-2.78
A3s-1.04-0.79-0.42-0.36-2.08-2.84
A2s-1.15-0.81-0.60-0.49-2.29-3.02


Late Position EV for Suited Aces (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s0.861.040.701.37-1.13-1.41
A8s0.390.750.360.89-1.40-1.92
A7s0.170.380.120.58-1.67-2.13
A6s-0.100.170.080.30-1.80-2.51
A5s-0.040.14-0.010.47-1.75-2.21
A4s-0.170.03-0.300.25-1.79-2.27
A3s-0.31-0.02-0.290.00-1.80-2.47
A2s-0.33-0.23-0.460.02-1.99-2.47


EV on the Button for Suited Aces (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s0.971.350.811.61-1.31-2.07
A8s0.621.020.291.02-1.75-2.52
A7s0.400.810.110.72-2.06-2.86
A6s0.300.67-0.100.46-2.07-2.97
A5s0.290.590.010.54-1.87-2.70
A4s0.140.57-0.200.18-1.84-2.85
A3s0.060.42-0.320.01-2.03-2.78
A2s-0.140.35-0.41-0.11-2.17-2.94


Small Blind EV for Suited Aces
(100K Trials and Baseline -1.00)
Starting
Hand
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s0.161.39-1.57-1.56
A8s-0.160.74-1.94-1.86
A7s-0.390.28-2.20-2.22
A6s-0.72-0.17-2.21-2.22
A5s-0.66-0.19-2.23-2.27
A4s-0.86-0.44-2.26-2.32
A3s-0.81-0.36-2.32-2.04
A2s-0.91-0.72-2.47-2.17



Big Blind EV
for Suited Aces
(100K Trials and Baseline -3.00)
Starting
Hand
Cold
Call
Reraise
A9s-2.45-2.48
A8s-2.71-3.13
A7s-2.96-3.44
A6s-2.90-3.42
A5s-2.83-3.50
A4s-3.00-3.34
A3s-3.19-3.62
A2s-3.17-3.64

Monday, March 9, 2009

Big Blind EV for offsuit broadways

As always in 3/6 hold'em, the baseline EV for the big blind is not 0.00 but -3.00.

Big Blind EV for Offsuit Broadways (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo0.291.59
AQo-1.47-0.86
AJo-2.35-2.54
A10o-3.22-3.40
KQo-2.90-3.14
KJo-2.85-3.12
K10o-3.19-3.64
QJo-3.01-3.35
Q10o-3.37-3.84
J10o-3.13-3.77

Small Blind EV for offsuit broadways

As always in 3/6 hold'em, the baseline for profitability from the small blind is not 0.00 but -1.00.

Small Blind EV for Offsuit Broadways (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo0.612.901.422.17
AQo0.252.22-0.320.00
AJo-0.191.38-0.48-1.17
A10o-0.270.86-2.19-2.05
KQo-0.590.74-1.68-1.67
KJo-0.330.50-2.18-1.86
K10o-0.63-0.13-2.56-2.40
QJo-0.55-0.02-2.37-2.28
Q10o-0.92-0.37-2.77-2.50
J10o-0.79-0.44-2.57-2.51

Sunday, March 8, 2009

EV for offsuit broadways on the button

EV for Offsuit Broadways on the Button (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo1.802.561.783.951.361.77
AQo1.252.051.113.11-0.54-0.81
AJo0.921.700.602.42-1.71-2.33
A10o0.851.440.491.52-2.23-3.01
KQo0.581.070.191.38-2.10-3.18
KJo0.771.000.410.84-2.12-3.02
K10o0.460.700.010.23-2.53-3.53
QJo0.650.700.210.54-2.39-3.57
Q10o0.330.69-0.26-0.20-2.59-3.81
J10o0.290.50-0.28-0.25-2.59-3.52

Late Position EV for offsuit broadways

Late Position EV for Offsuit Broadways (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo1.962.811.843.451.482.17
AQo1.171.990.772.35-0.450.10
AJo0.701.570.251.80-1.43-1.52
A10o0.661.130.160.90-2.05-2.09
KQo0.250.620.000.91-1.82-2.33
KJo0.410.68-0.230.39-1.83-2.70
K10o0.080.29-0.23-0.32-2.42-3.01
QJo0.080.45-0.08-0.08-2.13-2.66
Q10o-0.100.07-0.49-0.68-2.52-3.42
J10o-0.30-0.15-0.58-0.77-2.33-3.19

Saturday, March 7, 2009

Middle Position EV for offsuit broadways

Middle Position EV for Offsuit Broadways (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo2.402.702.162.760.761.99
AQo0.531.520.481.78-1.14-0.33
AJo0.010.780.071.17-2.21-2.21
A10o-0.180.54-0.160.62-2.71-2.94
KQo-0.460.120.010.33-2.75-3.07
KJo-0.28-0.05-0.060.15-2.66-3.50
K10o-0.63-0.46-0.43-0.64-2.81-3.85
QJo-0.43-0.34-0.31-0.30-2.78-3.81
Q10o-0.78-0.52-0.84-0.97-3.02-4.04
J10o-0.88-0.74-0.87-0.94-2.82-3.69

Friday, March 6, 2009

Early Position EV for offsuit broadways

Early Position EV for Offsuit Broadways (100K Trials)
Starting
Hand
Open
Call
Open
Raise
Limp
Behind
Raise
Limpers
Cold
Call
Reraise
AKo1.292.291.082.42-0.030.38
AQo0.341.360.331.70-2.28-2.60
AJo-0.200.60-0.250.94-3.42-4.60
A10o-0.260.22-0.540.25-3.38-4.82
KQo-0.47-0.39-0.64-0.13-3.82-5.17
KJo-0.32-0.32-0.44-0.64-3.00-4.38
K10o-0.82-0.81-1.11-1.10-3.29-4.68
QJo-0.68-0.72-0.96-0.83-3.24-4.69
Q10o-1.06-0.88-1.34-1.68-3.41-4.70
J10o-1.19-0.99-1.52-1.70-3.11-4.45